Abstract Introduction Despite the results of epidemiological and psychometric studies reporting comparable levels of tobacco dependence among males and females, some clinical studies have detected disparities. Some smoking cessation studies based on clinical setting programs reported poorer outcomes among women than men. Methods This retrospective cohort study aimed to compare treatment success and retention between men and women on a smoking cessation program (n = 1,014) delivered at a CAPS-AD unit in Brazil. The psychological intervention lasted 6 weeks for each group of 15 patients. Each patient had to participate in weekly group cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) sessions and individual medical appointments during this period. These appointments were focused on the possibility of prescribing pharmacological treatment (i.e., nicotine replacement therapy, bupropion, or nortriptyline) as adjuvants to group therapy. Results The women had lower smoking severity at baseline, more clinical symptoms, and lower prevalence of alcohol and drug use disorders and were older than the men. Females had significantly higher levels of success (36.6% vs. 29.7%) and retention (51.6% vs. 41.4%) than males. Sensitivity analysis showed that female gender was significantly associated with both retention and success, among those without drug use disorders only. Conclusion Depending on the smoking cessation setting (i.e., low and middle-income countries and mental health and addiction care units), females can achieve similar and even higher quit rates than males. Previous drug use disorder was an important confounding variable in the gender outcomes analyses. Future studies should try to replicate these positive smoking cessation effects of CBT-based group therapy plus pharmacotherapy in women.

Resumo Objetivo É preocupante notar que os usuários sigam usando o narguilé, embora a literatura aponte que o seu uso cause danos irreversíveis à saúde. Esse estudo avaliou a percepção dos usuários de narguilé e a interferência do seu consumo sobre a saúde. Método Esse é um estudo qualitativo. Uma amostra intencional de usuários foi recrutada. Os participantes responderam a uma entrevista semiestruturada. Todas as entrevistas foram avaliadas pelo método de análise de conteúdo. Resultados A maioria dos discursos apontou que os entrevistados conhecem os malefícios à saúde advindos do uso de narguilé. Entretanto, os efeitos sobre a saúde mental raramente foram lembrados pelos entrevistados, embora muitos deles já estivessem em uso problemático de tabaco, álcool e ou de outras drogas. A percepção de controle sobre o uso, o poder reforçador dos efeitos e a ausência de experiências pessoais negativas com o narguilé são importantes motivadores para seguir o uso. Conclusão Campanhas educativas e medidas para a redução e o controle do uso devem ser encorajadas. qualitativo recrutada semiestruturada conteúdo Entretanto tabaco drogas encorajadas

Abstract Objective Although the scientific literature show that waterpipe tobacco smoking causes irreversible damage to health, users continue to use it. Method This study evaluates the users’ perceptions about the effect of this consumption on health. This is a qualitative study. A purposeful sample of current users was recruited. Participants were invited to undertake an in-depth semi-structured interview. The interviews were evaluated by content analysis method. Results Most speeches pointed out that the interviewees are aware of the harm to health from using waterpipe tobacco smoking. Although most interviewees were already developing a problematic use of tobacco, alcohol or other drugs, they rarely related waterpipe tobacco smoking with mental health consequences. The essential motivators for its continued use were the perception of control over waterpipe tobacco smoking use, the reinforcing tobacco effects, and the absence of negative health experiences in life. Conclusion Understand that educational campaigns and control measures should be encouraged. it recruited indepth depth semistructured semi structured interview method drugs consequences effects life encouraged

Objective: We examined the prevalence of risky alcohol and cannabis use among Brazilian varsity college athletes and whether this group had a greater likelihood of risky use than non-athletes. Methods: In 2009, Brazilian college students (n=12,711) were recruited for a national stratified random survey. Their sociodemographic characteristics, mental health, substance use, and participation in varsity sports were assessed. Binary logistic regression models were used to examine the association between varsity athlete status and moderate to high-risk alcohol and cannabis use. Results: Among varsity athletes, 67.6 and 10.7% reported risky alcohol and cannabis use, respectively. Varsity athletes had greater odds of risky alcohol consumption than non-athletes (aOR = 2.02, 95%CI 1.08-3.78). Varsity athletes also had greater odds of risky cannabis use than non-athletes in unadjusted analyses (OR = 2.57, 95%CI 1.05-6.28), although this relationship was attenuated after covariate adjustment. Conclusions: Among college students in Brazil, varsity athletes had a higher prevalence of risky alcohol and cannabis use than non-athletes. The rates were considerably higher than those observed among samples of U.S. college athletes. Future research should examine the use of these substances among varsity college athletes in other middle-income countries since these findings will likely guide prevention and treatment efforts.

Resumo Objetivo: Analisar o processo de inserção profissional de egressos dos cursos de Administração e Administração Pública no Brasil, com idades entre 18 e 36 anos, formados a partir de 2011. Originalidade/valor: Como principal contribuição do estudo, é possível destacar o contingente de profissionais bem qualificados em situação de desemprego, em trabalhos informais e muitas vezes subocupados, dando indícios à ampliação de uma inserção não qualificante no trabalho. Assim, como um problema generalizado, que perpassa diferentes idades, classes, gêneros e cores/raças/etnias, esse agravante no mercado laboral recai, principalmente, sobre os indivíduos com ensino superior, os quais mostram o enfrentamento de uma condição de trabalho aquém de suas competências e sua escolaridade. Design/metodologia/abordagem: Este estudo tem enfoque quantitativo, não probabilístico, não experimental, transversal e descritivo. A coleta teve início em setembro de 2018 e término em novembro de 2018. Após os cortes, a amostra foi de 847 casos divididos por regiões, sendo: 344 do Sudeste, 244 do Sul, 163 do Nordeste, 56 do Centro-Oeste e 40 do Norte. Resultados: Destaca-se nos resultados que 73% dos respondentes não passaram mais de um ano para se inserir profissionalmente, 20% dos egressos encontram-se em cargos com requisitos de escolaridade inferiores à graduação, e 16,6% não estão trabalhando. Além disso, apesar de bem qualificados, os profissionais investigados compartilham de um cenário ocupacional estruturalmente fragilizado, principalmente em relação aos tipos de vínculos laborais praticados, independentemente de suas características sociodemográficas.

ABSTRACT Purpose: To analyze the professional insertion process of Administration and Public Administration course graduates in Brazil, with ages ranging from 18 to 36, who graduated after 2011. Originality/value: As the main contribution of the study, it is possible to highlight the contingent of well-qualified professionals that are unemployed or in informal and often underoccupied jobs, indicating the expansion of non-qualifying job insertion. Thus, as a widespread problem which cuts across different ages, classes, genders, races, and ethnicities, this aggravating factor in the labor market falls mainly on individuals with higher education that are working jobs below their skill and education levels. Design/methodology/approach: This study has a quantitative, non-probabilistic, non-experimental, transversal, and descriptive approach. Data collection began in September 2018 and ended in November 2018. The sample consisted of 847 cases, divided by regions: 344 from Southeast, 244 from South, 163 from Northeast, 56 from Midwest, and 40 from North. Findings: It is worth noting that 73% of the respondents did not spend more than one year to professionally enter into the labor market, 20% of graduates are in positions with less than undergraduate education requirements, and 16.6% are not working. In addition, despite being well qualified, the investigated professionals share a structurally fragile occupational scenario, especially about the types of employment contracts practiced, regardless of their sociodemographic characteristics.

Abstract The northeast Brazilian state of Alagoas harbors a rather diverse, and one of the world’s most threatened, avifauna. However, the knowledge about its avifauna is currently scattered on several publications and the state’s birds have never been comprehensively assembled into a checklist. To fill this shortfall, we present here the first critical review of all available bird records for the state of Alagoas. We present a list of 520 bird species recorded in the state, of which 503 are supported by documentary evidence. We also comment on the distribution, migratory movements, taxonomy and conservation of the region’s avifauna and correct previous misidentified or invalid records for the state.

Resumo Analisando a relação tempo-espaço e suas transformações longitudinais, bem como as dinâmicas objetivas e subjetivas entre sujeito e contexto, este trabalho tem como objetivo investigar a carreira no batuque de 2 pessoas de diferentes gerações que vivem essa trajetória. Para isso, resgatamos a construção histórica da ocupação e utilizamos o conceito de carreira para fundamentar a pesquisa. Como método de investigação, usamos a história de vida. Os resultados apontam para mudanças transcorridas na carreira, vistas ao nível individual pelas reinterpretações dos entrevistados e ao nível estrutural e contextual pelas reconfigurações dos atores presentes no campo. Também foi possível, diante da perspectiva de tempo, identificar elementos antecedentes, distintos, presentes e comuns aos sujeitos envolvidos, assim como visualizar indícios de mudanças no campo dessa carreira. Além da investigação sobre a ocupação do batuque, o trabalho apresenta as diferenças oriundas do tempo e do espaço, em instituições, grupos e indivíduos, baseado na visualização da carreira de 2 pessoas de diferentes gerações que trilharam caminhos nesse campo.

Abstract This study investigated the career of two people from different generations to analyze the time-space relationship and its longitudinal transformations, and the objective and subjective dynamics existing between subject and context. We used the historical construction of the occupation and the concept of career to support the research. As a research method we use life story. The results show the changes that have taken place in careers at an individual level through the reinterpretations of the interviewees and at a structural and contextual level through the reconfigurations of the actors present in the field. It was also possible, from the perspective of time, to identify antecedent, distinct, present, and common elements of the subjects involved, and signs of changes in the field of this career. In addition to investigating the occupation of batuque, this work presents the differences arising from time and space, in the context, institutions, groups, and individuals, from the visualization of the careers of two people of different generations.

Resumen Analizando la relación tiempo-espacio y sus transformaciones longitudinales, así como las dinámicas objetiva y subjetiva existentes entre sujeto y contexto, este estudio tuvo como objetivo investigar la carrera en la religión batuque de dos personas de diferentes generaciones. Para ello, rescatamos la construcción histórica de la ocupación y utilizamos el concepto de carrera para sustentar la investigación. Como método de investigación utilizamos la historia de vida. Los resultados muestran los cambios que se han producido en la carrera, vistos a nivel individual por las reinterpretaciones de los entrevistados y a nivel estructural y contextual por las reconfiguraciones de los actores presentes en el campo. También fue posible, desde la perspectiva del tiempo, identificar elementos antecedentes, distintos, presentes y comunes a los sujetos involucrados, así como ver señales de cambios en el campo de esta carrera. Además de investigar sobre el trabajo en el batuque, la obra contribuye presentando las diferencias que surgen del tiempo y el espacio, en el contexto, instituciones, grupos e individuos, a partir de la visualización de las trayectorias de dos personas de distintas generaciones que han transitado caminos en este campo.

SUMÁRIO Neste trabalho é proposta a modelagem dos fenômenos de ionização e desionização do ar, com ênfase em ondas padronizadas e não padronizadas causadas por descargas atmosféricas, em uma perspectiva macroscópica, utilizando software baseado no método dos elementos finitos. O objetivo principal objetivo da técnica de modelagem proposta é permitir simulações do processo disruptivo do ar, frente a ondas impulsivas, em escala macroscópica, o que é inovador dado que a a maioria dos modelos com este intuito está baseado em fenômenos microscópicos, na escala dos portadores de carga. Como estudo de caso, é empregada uma chave seccionadora classe 15 kV. A partir dessa análise, pretende-se identificar via simulação os valores mais prováveis de tensão que possam ocasionar a ruptura do meio dielétrico nesse equipamento, permitindo-se assim prever esses valores e realizar estudos, ainda na fase de projetos, nesse equipamento para que aumente a sua confiabilidade.

ABSTRACT This paper proposes the modeling of ionization and air deionization phenomena, with emphasis on standardized and non-standardized atmospheric discharges, in a macroscopic perspective, using software based on the finite element method. The main objective of the proposed modeling technique is to allow simulations of air gaps breakdown due to impulsive waves, on a macroscopic scale, which is innovative since most of the models for this purpose are based on microscopic phenomena, on the electric charge carrier scale. As a case study, a class 15 kV disconnecting switch is used. From this analysis, it is intended to identify via simulation the most probable voltage values that can cause the rupture of the dielectric medium in this equipment, allowing to predict these values and to carry out studies, still in the phase of projects, in that equipment so that it increases reliability

RESUMEN En este trabajo se propone el modelado de los fenómenos de ionización y desionización del aire, con énfasis en ondas estandarizadas y no estandarizadas de descargas atmosféricas, en una perspectiva macroscópica, utilizando software (licencia Nº 1037910),basado en el método de los elementos finitos. El principal objetivo de la técnica de modelado propuesta es permitir simulaciones de ruptura de entrehierros debidos a ondas impulsivas, en una escala macroscópica, que es innovadora ya que la mayoría de los modelos para este propósito se basan en fenómenos microscópicos, en la escala del portador de carga eléctrica. Como estudio de caso, se emplea una llave seccionadora clase 15 kV. A partir de este análisis, se pretende identificar vía simulación los más probables valores de tensión que puedan ocasionar la ruptura del medio dieléctrico en ese equipo, permitiendo así prever esos valores y realizar estudios, aún en la fase de proyectos, en ese equipo para que aumente su fiabilidad.

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: There are still few studies on predictors of smoking cessation in Brazilian samples. Experimentation with tobacco during adolescence (ETA) may be one of the important predictors. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed, within the context of a treatment-seeking group of subjects, to test the hypothesis that ETA negatively affects the outcome of smoking cessation during adulthood. DESIGN AND SETTING: Retrospective (historic) cohort study conducted at a psychosocial care center in São Paulo, Brazil, between 2007 and 2010. METHODS: Data on sociodemographics, smoking and medical profiles were obtained through self-report questionnaires that were completed at the baseline and at any follow-up appointment. Logistic regression models were constructed to describe factors associated with the outcome of smoking cessation, measured according to the self-reported four-week success rate among 367 outpatient smokers. RESULTS: ETA was found to be associated with not quitting smoking through the treatment (odds ratio = 0.57; 95% confidence interval = 0.33-0.96; P < 0.05), even after adjustment for dependence level, sociodemographics, nicotine patch use and number of years of smoking. CONCLUSIONS: Early exposure to nicotine may lead to higher risk of continuing smoking after treatment, in adulthood.

Resumo Objetivou-se comparar a frequência dos marcadores comportamentais de ansiedade entre grupos com e sem plateia, frente à situação experimental do falar em público. Participaram ao todo 72 universitários, que responderam ao Teste de Simulação de Falar em Público (TSFP), Inventário de Habilidades Sociais (IHS-Del-Prette), Self Statements During Public Speaking Scale (SPSS) e Questionário Sociodemográfico e Ocupacional. Os grupos diferiram significativamente em relação à maioria dos marcadores comportamentais de ansiedade, avaliados por meio do Protocolo de Registro do Falar em Público (PRFP), com médias de frequências superiores para o grupo com plateia. Constatou-se, ainda, que quanto mais elaborado o repertório de habilidades sociais de um universitário, mais positivamente ele avaliará o seu próprio desempenho em situações de falar em público. Sugerem-se novas pesquisas com maior número de universitários, com diferentes níveis de ansiedade social, que permitam examinar as associações entre habilidades sociais, autoavaliações ao falar em público e ansiedade social.

Abstract This study aimed to compare the frequency of behavioral markers of anxiety between groups with and without an audience, against an experimental situation of public speaking. A total of 72 undergraduates participated, who responded to the Public Speaking Simulation Test, (TSFP), the Social Skills Inventory (IHS-Del-Prette), the Self Statements During Public Speaking Scale (SPSS), and the Sociodemographic and Occupational Questionnaire. The groups differed significantly considering most of the behavioral markers of anxiety, evaluated by the Public Speaking Register Protocol (PRFP), with higher frequency rates in the group with an audience. It was also found that the more elaborate is the social skills repertoire of an undergraduate, the more positive was his self-evaluation of his own performance in public speaking situations. It is suggested further research with a larger number of undergraduates with different levels of social anxiety, in order to allow the analysis of association between social skills, self-assessments when speaking in public, and social anxiety.

Resumen Se trató de comparar la frecuencia de los indicadores comportamentales de ansiedad entre los grupos participantes con y sin platea, frente a una situación experimental de hablar en público. Participaron 72 universitarios que respondieron Test de Simulación de Hablar en Público (TSFP) Inventario de Habilidades Sociales (IHS-Del-Prette), Self Statements During Public Speaking Scale (SPSS), y Cuestionario Sociodemográfico y Ocupacional. Los grupos diferían significativamente en relación a la mayoría de los indicadores comportamentales de ansiedad, evaluados por medio del Protocolo de Registro de Hablar en Público (PRFP), con promedio de frecuencia superior para el grupo con platea. Fue constatado, también, que cuanto más elaborado es el repertorio de habilidades sociales de un universitario, éste evaluará de forma más positiva su propio desempeño en situaciones de hablar en público. Se sugiere realizar nuevas investigaciones con un número mayor de universitarios, con diferentes niveles de ansiedad social, que permitan examinar las asociaciones entre habilidades sociales, autoevaluación al hablar en público y ansiedad social.

Esse trabalho tem seu foco no problema de sequenciamento e programação da lavra em mina a céu aberto com a alocação de equipamentos de carregamento, considerando um período de médio prazo. Nesse estudo, considera-se a existência de uma frota heterogênea de equipamentos de carga e de dois tipos de materiais lavráveis, sendo minério ou estéril. Para a lavra de minério, são contemplados requisitos de qualidade da mistura, um britador, capacidade da usina de beneficiamento e uma pilha de estoque, denominada pilha de ROM. Nesse contexto, apresenta-se um modelo matemático em programação linear inteira mista, apoiado por um algoritmo responsável por mover o horizonte de tempo, a cada execução do modelo, com intuito de gerar ordens de lavra resolvidas com otimalidade. Juntas, essas ordens descreverão o plano de lavra dos equipamentos de carga.

This paper focuses on the sequencing and scheduling problem of open pit mining, with the allocation of loading equipment considering a medium-term horizon. This study considers the existence of a heterogeneous loading equipment fleet and two types of mineable material, namely ore or waste rock. For the mining of ore, the following requirements are taken under consideration: the mixture quality, a crusher, the processing plant capacity and a stockpile, called ROM stockpile. In this context, we present a mathematical model in mixed integer linear programming, supported by an algorithm that is responsible for moving the time horizon at each model run, aiming to generate mining orders resolved with optimality. Together, these orders describe the loading equipment mining plan.

Objective: To analyze the predictors of smoking cessation treatment outcomes in a sample with a high rate of medical and psychiatric disorders and addictions. Methods: Analysis of predictors of success of a 6-week treatment provided by an addiction care unit (CAPS-AD) to 367 smokers in Brazil from 2007 to 2010. Forty variables were collected at baseline. Success was defined as abstinence from smoking for a period of at least 14 consecutive days, including the last day of treatment. Twenty variables were selected for the logistic regression model. Results: The only condition correlated with successful treatment after logistic regression was smoking one's first cigarette 5 minutes or more after waking (beta = 1.85, 95% confidence interval [95%CI] = 1.11-3.10, p = 0.018). Subjects with hypertension and alcohol use disorders and those who were undergoing psychiatric treatment showed success rates comparable to or greater than the average success rate of the sample (34.2-44.4%). Conclusions: These findings support the importance of the variable time to first cigarette in treatment outcomes for a sample with a high rate of clinical and psychiatric disorders. Good success rates were observed for pharmacological treatment, which was combined with group therapy based on cognitive-behavioral concepts and integrated into ongoing treatment of other addictions and psychiatric disorders.

OBJETIVO: Comparar o uso de drogas entre os universitários e a população geral brasileira, assim como com os universitários norte-americanos, identificando possíveis diferenças de uso pela interferência da cultura. MÉTODOS: Para comparar o uso de drogas na vida entre as populações de interesse, foram utilizados os dados públicos de levantamentos estatísticos brasileiros realizados com universitários e a população geral, assim como levantamento estatístico norte-americano, por meio da comparação de intervalos de confiança (IC 95%). RESULTADOS: O uso de drogas na vida é mais frequente entre os estudantes norte-americanos, que relatam usar mais tabaco, tranquilizantes, maconha, ecstasy, alucinógenos, cocaína, crack e heroína que os universitários brasileiros. Em contrapartida, os universitários brasileiros relatam usar quase duas vezes mais inalantes do que os universitários norte-americanos. Esse padrão se repete ao se analisarem as diferenças intragênero. A isso se soma que os universitários brasileiros parecem envolver-se com mais frequência no uso de bebidas alcoólicas, maconha, tranquilizantes, inalantes, alucinógenos e anfetamínicos que seus pares da população geral brasileira. CONCLUSÕES: Conhecer as particularidades do uso de drogas entre os universitários é de suma importância para a detecção precoce desse consumo. Investimentos nesse segmento e diferenças de sexo devem ser contempladas nas políticas preventivas, assim como na elaboração de estratégias para a redução e o controle desse consumo, como programas de triagem e intervenção breve, uma vez que possuem a melhor relação custo-benefício.

OBJECTIVE: To compare drug use between college students and the general Brazilian population, as well as with American college students' drug use, identifying possible usage differences related to cultural interference. METHODS: To compare lifetime drug use between target populations, public data collected from statistical surveys conducted with Brazilian college students and the general population were used, as well as surveys conducted with American college students. The surveys' confidence intervals (95% CI) were subjects of comparison. RESULTS: Drug use is more frequent among American college students, who use more tobacco, tranquilizers, marijuana, ecstasy, hallucinogens, cocaine, crack cocaine and heroin than Brazilian college students. In contrast, Brazilian college students use nearly the double of inhalants than American college students. This pattern of use is repeated in the analysis of intra-gender differences. Add to this that Brazilian college students seem to engage more frequently in drinking alcoholic beverages and using marijuana, tranquilizers, inhalants, hallucinogens and amphetamines than their peers in the general Brazilian population. CONCLUSIONS: Knowing the particularities of drug use among college students is of paramount importance for the early detection of consumption. Investments in this segment and gender differences should be considered in preventive policies, as well as developing strategies of consumption reduction and control, such as screening programs and brief intervention, due to better cost-effectiveness.

Objective: To estimate the frequency of polydrug use (alcohol and illicit drugs) among college students and its associations with gender and age group. Methods: A nationwide sample of 12,544 college students was asked to complete a questionnaire on their use of drugs according to three time parameters (lifetime, past 12 months, and last 30 days). The co-use of drugs was investigated as concurrent polydrug use (CPU) and simultaneous polydrug use (SPU), a subcategory of CPU that involves the use of drugs at the same time or in close temporal proximity. Results: Almost 26% of college students reported having engaged in CPU in the past 12 months. Among these students, 37% had engaged in SPU. In the past 30 days, 17% college students had engaged in CPU. Among these, 35% had engaged in SPU. Marijuana was the illicit drug mostly frequently used with alcohol (either as CPU or SPU), especially among males. Among females, the most commonly reported combination was alcohol and prescribed medications. Conclusions: A high proportion of Brazilian college students may be engaging in polydrug use. College administrators should keep themselves informed to be able to identify such use and to develop educational interventions to prevent such behavior.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between religiosity and drug use among Brazilian university students. METHODS: This manuscript is part of the "First Nationwide Survey on the Use of Alcohol, Tobacco and Other Drugs among College Students in the 27 Brazilian State Capitals". In this study, 12,595 university students were divided into two groups according to their attendance at religious services: frequent attenders (FR; 39.1%) and non-frequent attenders (NFR; 60.8%). Subsequently, we analyzed their responses to a structured, anonymous questionnaire on drug use and other behaviors. Individual multivariate logistic regression models tested the association between religiosity and drug use (alcohol, tobacco, marijuana and at least one illicit drug). RESULTS: Drug use over the last 30 days was higher among NFR students even after controlling for demographic variables. NFR students were more likely to use alcohol OR = 2.52; 95% CI: 2.08-3.06, tobacco (2.83; 2.09-3.83), marijuana (2.09; 1.39-3.11) and at least one illicit drug (1.42; 1.12-1.79) compared to FR students. CONCLUSION: Religiosity was found to be a strongly protective factor against drug use among Brazilian university students. However, more studies are needed to identify the mechanisms by which religiosity exerts this protective influence.

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a prevalência do uso de drogas entre universitários brasileiros, assim como sua relação com gênero e idade. MÉTODOS: Uma amostra nacional de 12.721 universitários que preecheram um questionário sobre o uso de drogas e outros comportamentos. Os critérios da escala Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST-WHO) avaliaram o uso de drogas de risco. Um modelo de regressão logística multivariada testou a associação entre a pontuação do ASSIST-WHO com o gênero, bem como a idade do universitário. O mesmo foi realizado para a medida de uso de drogas nos últimos 30 dias. RESULTADOS: Após o controle de outras variáveis sociodemográficas, acadêmicas e administrativas, os homens foram os mais prováveis de usar e se engajar no uso de risco de esteroides anabolizantes androgênicos, mais do que as mulheres, e para todas as faixas etárias. Por outro lado, mulheres > 34 anos foram mais prováveis de usar e se engajar no uso de risco de anfetaminas. CONCLUSÕES: Estes resultados são consistentes com o que tem sido descrito para a população geral brasileira. Portanto, eles deveriam ser considerados no desenvolvimento de estratégias de prevenção do uso de drogas, bem como para o reconhecimento precoce do abuso de drogas entre universitários.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the frequency of drug use among Brazilian college students and its relationship to gender and age. METHODS: A nationwide sample of 12,721 college students completed a questionnaire concerning the use of drugs and other behaviors. The Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST-WHO) criteria were used to assess were used to assess hazardous drug use. A multivariate logistic regression model tested the associations of ASSIST-WHO scores with gender and age. The same analyses were carried out to measure drug use in the last 30 days. RESULTS: After controlling for other sociodemographic, academic and administrative variables, men were found to be more likely to use and engage in the hazardous use of anabolic androgenic steroids than women across all age ranges. Conversely, women older than 34 years of age were more likely to use and engage in the hazardous use of amphetamines. CONCLUSIONS: These findings are consistent with results that have been reported for the general Brazilian population. Therefore, these findings should be taken into consideration when developing strategies at the prevention of drug use and the early identification of drug abuse among college students.